Bibliometric analyses of COVID-19 research
Applications for the bibliometric Co-occurrence analysis:
- Offers an overview of:
- the structure of topics investigated,
- the relative focus, as measured by the number of occurrences, shown as the size of nodes.
- The different colors indicate different general research foci.
- Identifying the most relevant search terms.
- The keywords in the map are those commonly used by article authors, with differences across the research areas. Identifying the most relevant terms can help narrow the search to the most relevant articles.
To access the interactive map, you need to open the graph in VosViewer, which allows you to search the map, see what keywords are connected, and the strength of the connection between each node in the graph diagram. To open the map in VosViewer, Please click here, and allow it to download, then open the file and allow Java to run. For a video demonstration of how to do this, please see here.
For more information about what a bibliometric keyword co-occurrence analysis is, please see the About page. The data is downloaded from PubMed.
Insights and trends
Some insights from the weekly bibliometric keyword co-occurrence analyses conducted since March 2020 include that there has been a very rapid increase in COVID-19 literature. From 992 on March 16th, when we initiated this project, to over 50 000 now. Below we refer to some insights and trends. For more details, please read the individual blog posts.
Early in the pandemic, the research focus, based on 1323 publications on March 23rd, was on topics within “Health and pandemic management,” “The disease and its pathophysiology,” “Clinical epidemiology of the disease,” and “Treatment of the disease”. Please see the preprint for a more detailed description
About a month later, on April 20th, the number of publications had increased with 395%; to 5228. Moreover, the research landscape had changed somewhat. The topics studied can be described as 1) «A global virus pandemic» including topics within “preventive epidemiology” and “care management.” 2) “Disease epidemiology,” 3) “Pathophysiology and origin,” including topics within “viral biology” and “drug treatment”, 4) “Clinical epidemiology”, and 5) a fifth cluster includes topics on mental health and attitudes. The topic of mental health starts to emerge as a research focus within the COVID-19 pandemic research. During March and April, several countries have introduced strict social distancing measures to reduce the spread of the covid-19 virus. New research focuses on how the pandemic affects people’s mental health and feelings of isolation and loneliness. For more details, click here
On July 23rd, the focus of the most recent literature was on 1) Public health strategies, treatment, and the global impact of COVID-19, 2) the role of existing drugs and vaccines in the current pandemic, 3) demographics and risk factors, 4) literature concentrated on understanding the nature of the virus, and 5) COVID-19 and mental health. For more details, check out this post
For an illustration of the change in research trends across the very early stages of the pandemic and later stages, please see our post from September 23rd: Click here
Growth in number of documents by week:
| Date | Nr. of docs in PubMed |
| 16th March | 992 |
| 23rd March | 1323 |
| 30th March | 1788 |
| 6th April | 2684 |
| 13th April | 3683 |
| 20th April | 5228 |
| 27th April | 6958 |
| 04th May | 8791 |
| 11th May | 11005 |
| 18th May | 13103 |
| 25th May | 15438 |
| 01st June | 17356 |
| 08th June | 19426 |
| 15th June | 22147 |
| 22nd June | 24167 |
| 29th June | 26187 |
| 06th July | 28256 |
| 13th July | 30116 |
| 20th July | 32262 |
| 27th July | 33970 |
| 03rd August | 36201 |
| 10th August | 38271 |
| 17th August | 39914 |
| 24th August | 41913 |
| 31st August | 46037 |
| 7th September | 48067 |
| 14th September | 50057 |
| 21st September | 52105 |
| 28th September | 53994 |
| 05th October | 56023 |
Keyword Co-Occurrence Network Graph for the Overall Research Field on COVID-19 up to September 28th, 2020.
Corpus downloaded from PubMed September 28th consisted of 53994 publications. There were 3300 keywords that occurred in five or more manuscripts. The keywords divided into five main clusters. To create the map, we used the LinLog method. The minimum cluster size was set to 30.
Table of the most central keywords in each cluster
(Centrality measure used is weighted degree centrality/total link strength)
| Cluster 1 | Cluster 2 | Cluster 3 | Cluster 4 | Cluster 5 |
| public health | pneumonia | pandemic | sars | female |
| telemedicine | mortality | coronavirus infection | animals | male |
| epidemiology | hydroxychloroquine | viral pneumonia | antiviral agents | middle aged |
| mental health | inflammation | betacoronavirus | viruses | adult |
| epidemic | ace2 | china | zoonosis | aged |
| personal protective equipment | infection | disease outbreaks | mers | children |
| anxiety | cytokines | infection control | peptidyl-dipeptidase a | clinical laboratory techniques |
| infectious diseases | acute respiratory distress syndrome | quarantine | vaccine | young adult |
| depression | chloroquine | united states | spike glycoprotein, coronavirus | adolescent |
| outbreak | treatment | global health | respiratory infections | risk factor |
| health policy | critical illness | italy | antibodies, viral | retrospective studies |
| social distancing | hypertension | travel | diagnosis | tomography, x-ray computed |
| prevention | cardiovascular diseases | surveys and questionnaires | viral vaccines | aged, 80 and over |
| transmission | cytokine storm | health personnel | genome, viral | lung |
| india | ards | time factors | clinical trials as topic | infant |
| social media | diabetes mellitus | risk assessment | phylogeny | comorbidity |
| stress | stroke | critical care | chiroptera | treatment outcome |
| lockdown | obesity | cross-sectional studies | wuhan | fever |
| cancer | remdesivir | practice guidelines as topic | antibody | child, preschool |
| healthcare workers | thrombosis | contact tracing | antibodies, monoclonal | severity of illness index |
| triage | lopinavir | world health organization | receptors, virus | pregnancy |
| risk | diabetes | delivery of health care | immunization, passive | hospitalization |
| safety | tocilizumab | brazil | host-pathogen interactions | prognosis |
| surgery | angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | united kingdom | alanine | intensive care units |
| education | acute kidney injury | communicable disease control | drug repositioning | real time polymerase chain reaction |
To open the map directly in VOSviewer, please use these the latest MAP and NET files, available through the Open Science Foundation (OSF) repository:
https://osf.io/54gqw/
Keyword Co-Occurrence Network Graphs comparing COVID-19 research focus in the very early stages (up to March 23rd, 2020) to the focus in August 2020.
In this post, we compare the focus of the COVID-19 literature published in the very early stages of the pandemic (up to March 23rd) to the focus of literature published during August 2020.
The first graph below is based on the literature based on the Corpus downloaded from PubMed 23rd March. The literature consisted of 1323 publications, of which there were 225 keywords that occurred in three or more manuscripts. These divided into four clusters, that are described in this preprint
The second graph below is based on COVID-19 literature published during August 2020. The literature consisted of 10901 publications, of which there were 1179 keywords that occurred in 5 or more manuscripts. The keywords divided into five main clusters. To create the map, we used the LinLog method. The minimum cluster size was set to 15. We provide a brief description of the clusters from the August COVID-19 litterature: Within cluster 1 (red), the “Pandemic of viral pneumonia; public health and world spread”, we found topics relating to “Public health concerns” “health personnel, education and behavior”, “Guidelines and health care”, and “vulnerabilities in health care”. Cluster 2 (green), “Treatment of COVID-19”, include topics relating to “Epidemiology of virus transmission” “Antiviral agents and vaccines”, “Cancer and chemotherapy”, “Angiotensin and diabetes” and “Antibodies and passive immunization” Central themes in cluster 3 (blue), “Epidemiology of the pandemic and disease”, are “Respiratory illness and care”, “Risk factors and mortality”, “Clinical investigation and diagnosis” and “Population epidemiology”. Central themes in cluster 4 (yellow), “Surveys of disease and mental health”, are topics relating to “Population surveys and anxieties” and “Health care and migration”. Cluster 5 (purple), is dominated by one single theme, namely topics relating to “Lab-work and diagnostics”; which is also what we labeled this cluster.
When inspecting and comparing the network graphs illustrating the COVID-19 literature published during August and one published during the early phase (January 1st – March 23rd, 2020), we notice some consistent themes, and some emerging themes. Much of what was being covered during the early phase is still in focus. For instance, the topics from the “health and pandemic management” cluster from the early phase is reflected in the topics covered in the “Pandemic of viral pneumonia; public health and world spread” cluster in the August literature network graph. Early in the pandemic, there was not however, a focus on mental health issues. This has become an additional focus later in the pandemic, and is evident in the “Surveys of disease and mental health” in the August literature network graph. These are just some examples of insights that can be gained from comparing network graphs from different time periods.
Figure 1: The research focus in the very early Covid-19 literature
Figure 1 Notes: Red cluster: Health and pandemic management; Green cluster: The disease and its pathophysiology; Blue cluster: Clinical epidemiology of the disease; Yellow cluster: Treatment of the disease.
Figure 2 (below): The research focus in a later stage of the Covid-19 literature
Figure 2 notes: Red cluster: Pandemic of viral pneumonia; public health and world spread; Green cluster: Treatment of COVID-19; Blue cluster: Epidemiology of the pandemic and disease; Yellow cluster: Surveys of disease and mental health; Purple cluster: Lab-work and diagnostics.
Tables of most central keywords in each cluster; in literature published during the early phase of the pandemic, and literature published during August.
The tables below provide an overview of the most central keywords in each cluster in the two time-periods. We extracted more keywords from the second time period as there was substantially more literature published in August alone, than the first 12 weeks of 2020, which the first map is based on. (Centrality measure used is weighted degree centrality)
Table 1: Most frequent keywords in the very early Covid-19 literature
| Health and pandemic management (Red) |
The disease and its pathophysiology (Yellow) |
Clinical epidemiology of the disease (Blue) |
Treatment of the disease (Green) |
| coronavirus infection | pneumonia | female | sars |
| viral pneumonia | outbreak | adult | animals |
| betacoronavirus | epidemiology | male | genome, viral |
| china | antiviral agents | middle aged | phylogeny |
| disease outbreaks | viruses | aged | zoonosis |
| travel | republic of korea | young adult | wuhan |
| pandemic | lopinavir | fever | chiroptera |
| global health | transmission | tomography, x-ray computed | communicable diseases, emerging |
| infection control | ritonavir | children | disease reservoirs |
| public health | mortality | lung | peptidyl-dipeptidase a |
Table 2 (below): Most frequent keywords in a later stage of the Covid-19 literature
| Pandemic of viral pneumonia; public health and world spread (Red) | Treatment of COVID-19 (Green) | Epidemiology of the pandemic and disease (Blue) | Surveys of disease and mental health (Yellow) | Lab-work and diagnostics (Purple) |
| pandemic | antiviral agents | female | surveys and questionnaires | clinical laboratory techniques |
| coronavirus infection | animals | male | cross-sectional studies | rna, viral |
| viral pneumonia | sars | middle aged | anxiety | real time polymerase chain reaction |
| betacoronavirus | inflammation | adult | health personnel | antibodies, viral |
| public health | peptidyl-dipeptidase a | aged | mental health | sensitivity and specificity |
| united states | spike glycoprotein, coronavirus | young adult | pregnancy | reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction |
| quarantine | epidemiology | adolescent | depression | reproducibility of results |
| infection control | cytokines | aged, 80 and over | prevalence | immunoglobulin g |
| italy | hydroxychloroquine | retrospective studies | exercise | diagnosis |
| telemedicine | viral vaccines | children | stress, psychological | serological test |
| disease outbreaks | antibodies, monoclonal | china | pregnancy complications, infectious | polymerase chain reaction |
| communicable disease control | ace2 | risk factor | health knowledge, attitudes, practice | seroepidemiologic studies |
| delivery of health care | interleukin-6 | severity of illness index | adaptation, psychological | asymptomatic infections |
| global health | infection | treatment outcome | risk | immunoglobulin m |
| personal protective equipment | vaccine | comorbidity | stress | molecular diagnostic techniques |
| infectious diseases | viruses | hospitalization | nurses | asymptomatic diseases |
| health policy | cytokine release syndrome | child, preschool | attitude of health personnel | specimen handling |
| social isolation | host-pathogen interactions | tomography, x-ray computed | health behavior | family characteristics |
| united kingdom | protein binding | infant | fear | olfaction disorders |
| practice guidelines as topic | molecular docking simulation | risk assessment | students | nasopharynx |
To open the maps directly in VOSviewer, please use the relevant MAP and NET files (Co-occurrence files from March 23rd and the files for August2020Total, available through the Open Science Foundation (OSF) repository:
https://osf.io/54gqw/
Keyword Co-Occurrence Network Graph for the Overall Research Field on COVID-19 up to September 21st, 2020.
Corpus downloaded from PubMed September 21st include 52105 publications. There were 3258 keywords that occurred in five or more manuscripts. The keywords divided into five main clusters. To create the map, we used the LinLog method. The minimum cluster size was set to 30.
Table of the most central keywords in each cluster
(Centrality measure used is weighted degree centrality/total link strength)
| Cluster 1 | Cluster 2 | Cluster 3 | Cluster 4 | Cluster 5 |
| public health | pneumonia | pandemic | sars | female |
| telemedicine | mortality | coronavirus infection | animals | male |
| epidemiology | hydroxychloroquine | viral pneumonia | antiviral agents | middle aged |
| mental health | inflammation | betacoronavirus | viruses | adult |
| epidemic | ace2 | china | zoonosis | aged |
| personal protective equipment | infection | disease outbreaks | mers | children |
| anxiety | cytokines | infection control | peptidyl-dipeptidase a | clinical laboratory techniques |
| infectious diseases | acute respiratory distress syndrome | quarantine | spike glycoprotein, coronavirus | young adult |
| outbreak | chloroquine | united states | vaccine | adolescent |
| depression | treatment | global health | antibodies, viral | risk factor |
| health policy | critical illness | italy | respiratory infections | retrospective studies |
| social distancing | cardiovascular diseases | travel | diagnosis | tomography, x-ray computed |
| prevention | hypertension | surveys and questionnaires | viral vaccines | aged, 80 and over |
| transmission | cytokine storm | health personnel | genome, viral | lung |
| india | ards | time factors | clinical trials as topic | infant |
| social media | diabetes mellitus | risk assessment | phylogeny | comorbidity |
| stress | stroke | critical care | chiroptera | fever |
| lockdown | remdesivir | practice guidelines as topic | wuhan | treatment outcome |
| cancer | obesity | contact tracing | antibodies, monoclonal | child, preschool |
| healthcare workers | thrombosis | world health organization | receptors, virus | severity of illness index |
| triage | angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | delivery of health care | antibody | pregnancy |
| risk | lopinavir | brazil | immunization, passive | hospitalization |
| safety | tocilizumab | united kingdom | alanine | prognosis |
| surgery | diabetes | incidence | drug repositioning | intensive care units |
| virology | randomised controlled trial | communicable disease control | host-pathogen interactions | real time polymerase chain reaction |
| knowledge | acute kidney injury | infectious disease transmission, patient-to-professional | adenosine monophosphate | cough |
| ethics | influenza | republic of korea | virus replication | cross-sectional studies |
| education | interleukin-6 | communication | virus internalization | respiration, artificial |
| disinfection | ritonavir | stress, psychological | serology | age factors |
| guidelines | meta-analysis | masks | molecular docking simulation | rna, viral |
To open the map directly in VOSviewer, please use these the latest MAP and NET files, available through the Open Science Foundation (OSF) repository:
https://osf.io/54gqw/
Keyword Co-Occurrence Network Graph of the current focus of the COVID-19 literature
In this week’s update, we are presenting something slightly different; the current focus of the COVID-19 literature, based on publications registered in PubMed as published during week 35-37 (August 24th-September 13th). This resulted in 8144 publications. There were 687 keywords that occurred in five or more manuscripts. These divided into four main clusters. To create the map, we used the LinLog method. The minimum cluster size was set to 15.
Table of the most central keywords in each cluster
(Centrality measure used is weighted degree centrality/total link strength)
| Cluster 1 | Cluster 2 | Cluster 3 | Cluster 4 |
| public health | treatment outcome | pandemic | male |
| mental health | antiviral agents | coronavirus infection | female |
| telemedicine | pneumonia | viral pneumonia | middle aged |
| anxiety | time factors | betacoronavirus | adult |
| epidemiology | sars | brazil | aged |
| covid‐19 | mortality | clinical laboratory techniques | china |
| depression | hydroxychloroquine | personal protective equipment | risk factor |
| infectious diseases | respiration, artificial | united states | adolescent |
| epidemic | inflammation | health personnel | young adult |
| quarantine | host microbial interactions | pregnancy | children |
| lockdown | ace2 | infection control | retrospective studies |
| stress | cytokines | lung | aged, 80 and over |
| global health | infection | nephrology | severity of illness index |
| prevalence | randomized controlled trials as topic | australia | cross-sectional studies |
| india | stroke | masks | surveys and questionnaires |
To open the map directly in VOSviewer, please use the “KeywordCoOccurrance5Inst1Resol1_20200914FocusAug24thToSep13th” MAP and NET files, available through the Open Science Foundation (OSF) repository:
https://osf.io/54gqw/
Keyword Co-Occurrence Network Graph for the Overall Research Field on COVID-19 up to September 7th, 2020.
Corpus downloaded from PubMed September 7th 48067 publications. There were 2960 keywords that occurred in five or more manuscripts. The keywords divided into five main clusters. To create the map, we used the LinLog method. The minimum cluster size was set to 30.
Table of the most central keywords in each cluster
(Centrality measure used is weighted degree centrality/total link strength)
| Cluster 1 | Cluster 2 | Cluster 3 | Cluster 4 | Cluster 5 |
| public health | pneumonia | pandemic | sars | female |
| epidemiology | mortality | coronavirus infection | animals | male |
| telemedicine | hydroxychloroquine | viral pneumonia | antiviral agents | middle aged |
| epidemic | inflammation | betacoronavirus | viruses | adult |
| mental health | infection | china | zoonosis | aged |
| personal protective equipment | ace2 | disease outbreaks | mers | clinical laboratory techniques |
| anxiety | acute respiratory distress syndrome | infection control | peptidyl-dipeptidase a | children |
| infectious diseases | chloroquine | quarantine | spike glycoprotein, coronavirus | young adult |
| outbreak | cytokines | united states | antibodies, viral | adolescent |
| depression | vaccine | global health | diagnosis | risk factor |
| health policy | treatment | italy | respiratory infections | tomography, x-ray computed |
| social distancing | hypertension | travel | viral vaccines | retrospective studies |
| prevention | cardiovascular diseases | health personnel | genome, viral | aged, 80 and over |
| communication | critical illness | surveys and questionnaires | clinical trials as topic | lung |
| transmission | cytokine storm | time factors | phylogeny | infant |
| social media | ards | critical care | chiroptera | fever |
| internet | diabetes mellitus | risk assessment | wuhan | child, preschool |
| lockdown | stroke | practice guidelines as topic | receptors, virus | comorbidity |
| cancer | remdesivir | world health organization | antibodies, monoclonal | treatment outcome |
| stress | obesity | contact tracing | immunization, passive | severity of illness index |
| triage | lopinavir | delivery of health care | antibody | pregnancy |
| risk | tocilizumab | infectious disease transmission, patient-to-professional | alanine | hospitalization |
| healthcare workers | angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | united kingdom | drug repositioning | intensive care units |
| safety | thrombosis | brazil | adenosine monophosphate | cough |
| surgery | ct | communicable disease control | pathogenesis | real time polymerase chain reaction |
| spain | computed tomography | stress, psychological | virus replication | prognosis |
| education | diabetes | masks | communicable diseases, emerging | incidence |
| ethics | ritonavir | republic of korea | spike protein | age factors |
| virology | interleukin-6 | forecasting | virus internalization | cross-sectional studies |
| knowledge | influenza | civil defense | serology | respiration, artificial |
To open the map directly in VOSviewer, please use these the latest MAP and NET files, available through the Open Science Foundation (OSF) repository:
https://osf.io/54gqw/
Keyword Co-Occurrence Network Graph for the Overall Research Field on COVID-19 up to August 31st, 2020.
Corpus downloaded from PubMed August 31st 46037 publications. There were 2833 keywords that occurred in five or more manuscripts. The keywords divided into five main clusters. To create the map, we used the LinLog method. The minimum cluster size was set to 30.
Table of the most central keywords in each cluster
(Centrality measure used is weighted degree centrality/total link strength)
| Cluster 1 | Cluster 2 | Cluster 3 | Cluster 4 | Cluster 5 |
| public health | pneumonia | pandemic | sars | female |
| epidemiology | mortality | coronavirus infection | animals | male |
| telemedicine | hydroxychloroquine | viral pneumonia | antiviral agents | middle aged |
| epidemic | inflammation | betacoronavirus | viruses | adult |
| mental health | ace2 | china | zoonosis | aged |
| personal protective equipment | infection | disease outbreaks | mers | clinical laboratory techniques |
| infectious diseases | acute respiratory distress syndrome | infection control | peptidyl-dipeptidase a | children |
| anxiety | chloroquine | quarantine | spike glycoprotein, coronavirus | young adult |
| outbreak | cytokines | united states | respiratory infections | adolescent |
| depression | vaccine | global health | antibodies, viral | risk factor |
| health policy | treatment | travel | diagnosis | tomography, x-ray computed |
| social distancing | hypertension | italy | genome, viral | retrospective studies |
| prevention | cardiovascular diseases | health personnel | viral vaccines | aged, 80 and over |
| communication | critical illness | intensive care units | transmission | lung |
| social media | cytokine storm | time factors | phylogeny | infant |
| masks | ards | critical care | chiroptera | fever |
| internet | diabetes mellitus | risk assessment | wuhan | child, preschool |
| triage | stroke | practice guidelines as topic | receptors, virus | comorbidity |
| healthcare workers | lopinavir | world health organization | immunization, passive | pregnancy |
| lockdown | obesity | contact tracing | antibodies, monoclonal | severity of illness index |
| cancer | remdesivir | incidence | drug repositioning | hospitalization |
| risk | tocilizumab | infectious disease transmission, patient-to-professional | antibody | treatment outcome |
| stress | angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | delivery of health care | alanine | cough |
| safety | thrombosis | united kingdom | virus replication | real time polymerase chain reaction |
| surgery | computed tomography | communicable disease control | adenosine monophosphate | surveys and questionnaires |
| social isolation | diabetes | clinical trials as topic | communicable diseases, emerging | prognosis |
| spain | influenza | stress, psychological | virus internalization | age factors |
| ethics | interleukin-6 | republic of korea | disease reservoirs | respiration, artificial |
| virology | ritonavir | civil defense | models, molecular | rna, viral |
| education | ct | forecasting | serology | cross-sectional studies |
To open the map directly in VOSviewer, please use these the latest MAP and NET files, available through the Open Science Foundation (OSF) repository:
https://osf.io/54gqw/
Keyword Co-Occurrence Network Graph for the Overall Research Field on COVID-19 up to August 24th, 2020.
Corpus downloaded from PubMed August 24th 41913 publications. There were 2516 keywords that occurred in five or more manuscripts. The keywords divided into five main clusters. To create the map, we used the LinLog method. The minimum cluster size was set to 30.
Table of the most central keywords in each cluster
(Centrality measure used is weighted degree centrality/total link strength)
| Cluster 1 | Cluster 2 | Cluster 3 | Cluster 4 | Cluster 5 |
| pneumonia | telemedicine | pandemic | sars | female |
| epidemiology | mental health | coronavirus infection | animals | male |
| mortality | personal protective equipment | viral pneumonia | antiviral agents | adult |
| hydroxychloroquine | anxiety | betacoronavirus | viruses | middle aged |
| infectious diseases | depression | china | zoonosis | aged |
| infection | social distancing | disease outbreaks | outbreak | clinical laboratory techniques |
| inflammation | prevention | public health | mers | children |
| ace2 | masks | infection control | peptidyl-dipeptidase a | young adult |
| chloroquine | healthcare workers | quarantine | spike glycoprotein, coronavirus | adolescent |
| acute respiratory distress syndrome | triage | united states | vaccine | tomography, x-ray computed |
| cytokines | cancer | epidemic | antibodies, viral | risk factor |
| treatment | safety | global health | respiratory infections | retrospective studies |
| critical illness | spain | travel | genome, viral | lung |
| hypertension | surgery | italy | viral vaccines | aged, 80 and over |
| cardiovascular diseases | stress | health personnel | diagnosis | infant |
| cytokine storm | lockdown | intensive care units | clinical trials as topic | fever |
| ards | education | time factors | transmission | child, preschool |
| diabetes mellitus | knowledge | health policy | phylogeny | comorbidity |
| stroke | ethics | critical care | chiroptera | pregnancy |
| obesity | guidelines | practice guidelines as topic | wuhan | hospitalization |
| remdesivir | patient care | risk assessment | lopinavir | cough |
| angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | nurses | contact tracing | receptors, virus | severity of illness index |
| tocilizumab | psychiatry | world health organization | ritonavir | treatment outcome |
| computed tomography | disinfection | infectious disease transmission, patient-to-professional | antibodies, monoclonal | real time polymerase chain reaction |
| diabetes | aerosols | delivery of health care | immunization, passive | surveys and questionnaires |
To open the map directly in VOSviewer, please use these the latest MAP and NET files, available through the Open Science Foundation (OSF) repository:
https://osf.io/54gqw/
Keyword Co-Occurrence Network Graph for the Overall Research Field on COVID-19 up to August 17th, 2020.
Corpus downloaded from PubMed August 17th 39914 publications. There were 2395 keywords that occurred in five or more manuscripts; this is the same number as last week. However, the order of the most frequently occurring keywords has changed slightly. The keywords divided into five main clusters. To create the map, we used the LinLog method. The minimum cluster size was set to 30.
Table of the most central keywords in each cluster
(Centrality measure used is weighted degree centrality/total link strength)
| Cluster 1 | Cluster 2 | Cluster 3 | Cluster 4 | Cluster 5 |
| public health | pneumonia | pandemic | sars | male |
| epidemiology | hydroxychloroquine | coronavirus infection | animals | female |
| telemedicine | mortality | viral pneumonia | antiviral agents | adult |
| epidemic | infection | betacoronavirus | viruses | middle aged |
| personal protective equipment | inflammation | china | zoonosis | aged |
| mental health | ace2 | disease outbreaks | mers | clinical laboratory techniques |
| infectious diseases | chloroquine | infection control | peptidyl-dipeptidase a | children |
| outbreak | acute respiratory distress syndrome | quarantine | spike glycoprotein, coronavirus | young adult |
| anxiety | cytokines | united states | genome, viral | adolescent |
| health policy | treatment | travel | respiratory infections | tomography, x-ray computed |
| depression | vaccine | global health | antibodies, viral | risk factor |
| social distancing | cardiovascular diseases | italy | viral vaccines | retrospective studies |
| communication | hypertension | health personnel | diagnosis | lung |
| prevention | critical illness | intensive care units | phylogeny | aged, 80 and over |
| transmission | cytokine storm | critical care | chiroptera | infant |
| social media | diabetes mellitus | practice guidelines as topic | wuhan | fever |
| internet | ards | time factors | receptors, virus | child, preschool |
| healthcare workers | lopinavir | risk assessment | immunization, passive | comorbidity |
| triage | angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | contact tracing | antibodies, monoclonal | pregnancy |
| masks | remdesivir | world health organization | drug repositioning | cough |
| risk | obesity | united kingdom | alanine | hospitalization |
| cancer | tocilizumab | infectious disease transmission, patient-to-professional | antibody | severity of illness index |
| surgery | ritonavir | delivery of health care | adenosine monophosphate | real time polymerase chain reaction |
| safety | diabetes | communicable disease control | communicable diseases, emerging | surveys and questionnaires |
| spain | thrombosis | clinical trials as topic | virus replication | prognosis |
To open the map directly in VOSviewer, please use these the latest MAP and NET files, available through the Open Science Foundation (OSF) repository:
https://osf.io/54gqw/
Keyword Co-Occurrence Network Graph for the Overall Research Field on COVID-19 up to August 10th, 2020.
Corpus downloaded from PubMed August 10th 38271 publications. There were 2395 keywords that occurred in five or more manuscripts. These divided into five main clusters. To create the map, we used the LinLog method. The minimum cluster size was set to 30.
Table of the most central keywords in each cluster
(Centrality measure used is weighted degree centrality/total link strength)
| Cluster 1 | Cluster 2 | Cluster 3 | Cluster 4 | Cluster 5 |
| pneumonia | telemedicine | pandemic | sars | male |
| epidemiology | personal protective equipment | coronavirus infection | animals | female |
| hydroxychloroquine | mental health | viral pneumonia | antiviral agents | adult |
| infectious diseases | outbreak | betacoronavirus | viruses | middle aged |
| mortality | anxiety | china | zoonosis | aged |
| infection | depression | disease outbreaks | mers | clinical laboratory techniques |
| inflammation | social distancing | public health | peptidyl-dipeptidase a | children |
| ace2 | prevention | infection control | spike glycoprotein, coronavirus | young adult |
| chloroquine | healthcare workers | quarantine | genome, viral | adolescent |
| acute respiratory distress syndrome | triage | epidemic | respiratory infections | tomography, x-ray computed |
| cytokines | masks | united states | vaccine | risk factor |
| treatment | cancer | travel | antibodies, viral | retrospective studies |
| cardiovascular diseases | surgery | global health | viral vaccines | lung |
| hypertension | safety | italy | diagnosis | aged, 80 and over |
| critical illness | spain | health personnel | clinical trials as topic | infant |
| cytokine storm | stress | intensive care units | transmission | fever |
| diabetes mellitus | lockdown | critical care | phylogeny | child, preschool |
| ards | education | practice guidelines as topic | chiroptera | comorbidity |
| lopinavir | guidelines | health policy | wuhan | pregnancy |
| angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | knowledge | time factors | receptors, virus | cough |
| remdesivir | ethics | risk assessment | immunization, passive | hospitalization |
| obesity | patient care | contact tracing | antibodies, monoclonal | severity of illness index |
| tocilizumab | psychiatry | world health organization | drug repositioning | real time polymerase chain reaction |
| ritonavir | disinfection | united kingdom | alanine | surveys and questionnaires |
| diabetes | aerosols | infectious disease transmission, patient-to-professional | antibody | prognosis |
To open the map directly in VOSviewer, please use these the latest MAP and NET files, available through the Open Science Foundation (OSF) repository:
https://osf.io/54gqw/
Keyword Co-Occurrence Network Graph for the Overall Research Field on COVID-19 up to August 3rd, 2020.
Corpus downloaded from PubMed August 3rd 36201 publications. There were 2262 keywords that occurred in five or more manuscripts. These divided into five main clusters. To create the map, we used the LinLog method. The minimum cluster size was set to 25.
Table of the most central keywords in each cluster
(Centrality measure used is weighted degree centrality/total link strength)
| Cluster 1 | Cluster 2 | Cluster 3 | Cluster 4 | Cluster 5 |
| pneumonia | telemedicine | pandemic | sars | male |
| epidemiology | personal protective equipment | coronavirus infection | animals | female |
| hydroxychloroquine | mental health | viral pneumonia | antiviral agents | adult |
| infectious diseases | anxiety | betacoronavirus | viruses | middle aged |
| mortality | depression | china | zoonosis | aged |
| infection | social distancing | disease outbreaks | outbreak | clinical laboratory techniques |
| inflammation | prevention | public health | peptidyl-dipeptidase a | young adult |
| ace2 | triage | infection control | mers | children |
| chloroquine | masks | quarantine | spike glycoprotein, coronavirus | adolescent |
| acute respiratory distress syndrome | healthcare workers | epidemic | genome, viral | tomography, x-ray computed |
| cytokines | cancer | united states | antibodies, viral | risk factor |
| vaccine | safety | travel | respiratory infections | retrospective studies |
| treatment | surgery | global health | viral vaccines | lung |
| cardiovascular diseases | stress | italy | clinical trials as topic | aged, 80 and over |
| hypertension | lockdown | health personnel | phylogeny | infant |
| critical illness | knowledge | intensive care units | transmission | fever |
| diagnosis | guidelines | practice guidelines as topic | chiroptera | child, preschool |
| cytokine storm | education | critical care | wuhan | comorbidity |
| diabetes mellitus | ethics | time factors | receptors, virus | cough |
| ards | patient care | health policy | immunization, passive | pregnancy |
| lopinavir | disinfection | risk assessment | antibodies, monoclonal | hospitalization |
| angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | psychiatry | world health organization | drug repositioning | severity of illness index |
| remdesivir | aerosols | contact tracing | alanine | real time polymerase chain reaction |
| obesity | palliative care | united kingdom | adenosine monophosphate | surveys and questionnaires |
| tocilizumab | fear | infectious disease transmission, patient-to-professional | antibody | treatment outcome |
To open the map directly in VOSviewer, please use these the latest MAP and NET files, available through the Open Science Foundation (OSF) repository:
https://osf.io/54gqw/
Keyword Co-Occurrence Network Graph for the Overall Research Field on COVID-19 up to July 27th, 2020.
Corpus downloaded from PubMed July 27th: 33970 publications. There were 2111 keywords that occurred in five or more manuscripts. These divided into five main clusters. To create the map, we used the LinLog method.
Table of the most central keywords in each cluster
(Centrality measure used is weighted degree centrality/total link strength)
| Cluster 1 | Cluster 2 | Cluster 3 | Cluster 4 | Cluster 5 |
| pneumonia | epidemiology | pandemic | sars | male |
| hydroxychloroquine | telemedicine | coronavirus infection | animals | female |
| mortality | personal protective equipment | viral pneumonia | antiviral agents | adult |
| infection | outbreak | betacoronavirus | zoonosis | middle aged |
| ace2 | mental health | china | viruses | aged |
| inflammation | infectious diseases | disease outbreaks | peptidyl-dipeptidase a | clinical laboratory techniques |
| chloroquine | anxiety | public health | mers | children |
| acute respiratory distress syndrome | depression | infection control | spike glycoprotein, coronavirus | young adult |
| cytokines | social distancing | quarantine | genome, viral | adolescent |
| treatment | prevention | epidemic | antibodies, viral | tomography, x-ray computed |
| cardiovascular diseases | transmission | united states | viral vaccines | risk factor |
| critical illness | masks | travel | vaccine | retrospective studies |
| diagnosis | triage | global health | respiratory infections | lung |
| hypertension | healthcare workers | italy | clinical trials as topic | aged, 80 and over |
| cytokine storm | cancer | health personnel | phylogeny | infant |
| diabetes mellitus | safety | intensive care units | chiroptera | fever |
| ards | surgery | practice guidelines as topic | wuhan | child, preschool |
| lopinavir | stress | critical care | receptors, virus | comorbidity |
| angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | virology | time factors | immunization, passive | cough |
| remdesivir | guidelines | health policy | antibodies, monoclonal | pregnancy |
| obesity | disease | risk assessment | drug repositioning | hospitalization |
| ritonavir | knowledge | world health organization | alanine | severity of illness index |
| tocilizumab | lockdown | contact tracing | adenosine monophosphate | real time polymerase chain reaction |
| computed tomography | education | united kingdom | communicable diseases, emerging | surveys and questionnaires |
| novel coronavirus pneumonia | patient care | infectious disease transmission, patient-to-professional | models, molecular | prognosis |
To open the map directly in VOSviewer, please use these the latest MAP and NET files, available through the Open Science Foundation (OSF) repository:
https://osf.io/54gqw/
Keyword Co-Occurrence Network Graph of the current focus of the COVID-19 literature
In this week’s update, we are presenting something slightly different; the current focus of the COVID-19 literature, based on publications registered in PubMed as published in the past 3 weeks (21 days). This resulted in 6001 publications. There were 677 keywords that occurred in five or more manuscripts. These divided into five main clusters. To create the map, we used the LinLog method. The minimum cluster size was set to 15.
- Cluster 1 (red) covers literature focusing on Public health strategies, treatment, and the global impact of COVID-19.
- Cluster 2 (green) includes literature on the role of existing drugs and vaccines in the current pandemic.
- Cluster 3 (blue) focuses on demographics and risk factors.
- Cluster 4 (yellow) covers literature concentrated on understanding the nature of the virus.
- Cluster 5 (Purple) addresses the association between COVID-19 and mental health.
We find it interesting that there does not seem to be a big shift in publication focus from earlier in the pandemic; however, expect this to change as more time has elapsed, allowing for other types of studies to mature and be ready for publication, especially on topics relating to social consequences of the pandemic.
Table of the most central keywords in each cluster
(Centrality measure used is weighted degree centrality/total link strength)
| Cluster 1 | Cluster 2 | Cluster 3 | Cluster 4 | Cluster 5 |
| pandemic | sars | female | clinical laboratory techniques | surveys and questionnaires |
| coronavirus infection | antiviral agents | male | rna, viral | anxiety |
| viral pneumonia | animals | middle aged | real time polymerase chain reaction | prevalence |
| betacoronavirus | antibodies, viral | adult | viruses | mental health |
| italy | hydroxychloroquine | aged | pneumonia | cross-sectional studies |
| united states | cytokines | china | sensitivity and specificity | depression |
| telemedicine | inflammation | risk factor | reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction | stress, psychological |
| quarantine | peptidyl-dipeptidase a | young adult | epidemiology | cancer |
| public health | viral vaccines | retrospective studies | zoonosis | health knowledge, attitudes, practice |
| personal protective equipment | spike glycoprotein, coronavirus | aged, 80 and over | nasopharynx | fear |
| disease outbreaks | cytokine release syndrome | adolescent | infection | social media |
| infection control | thrombosis | children | immunoglobulin g | family |
| pregnancy | cardiovascular diseases | treatment outcome | respiratory infections | olfaction disorders |
| health personnel | vaccine | severity of illness index | outbreak | students |
| spain | renin-angiotensin system | lung | transmission | adaptation, psychological |
| cities | influenza, human | hospitalization | serological test | communication |
| incidence | mice | time factors | patient selection | stress |
| air pollution | angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | prognosis | viral load | emotions |
| practice guidelines as topic | chloroquine | tomography, x-ray computed | immunoglobulin m | smell |
| global health | immunologic factors | risk assessment | diagnosis, differential | ageusia |
To open the map directly in VOSviewer, please use the latest MAP and NET files, available through the Open Science Foundation (OSF) repository:
https://osf.io/54gqw/
Keyword Co-Occurrence Network Graph for the Overall Research Field on COVID-19 up to July 13th, 2020.
Corpus downloaded from PubMed July 13th: 30116 publications. There were 1835 keywords that occurred in five or more manuscripts. These divided into five main clusters. To create the map, we used the LinLog method. The minimum cluster size was set to 25.
Table of the most central keywords in each cluster
(Centrality measure used is weighted degree centrality/total link strength)
| Cluster 1 | Cluster 2 | Cluster 3 | Cluster 4 | Cluster 5 |
| pneumonia | telemedicine | coronavirus infection | sars | female |
| epidemiology | personal protective equipment | viral pneumonia | animals | male |
| hydroxychloroquine | mental health | pandemic | antiviral agents | adult |
| infectious diseases | anxiety | betacoronavirus | zoonosis | middle aged |
| infection | surveys and questionnaires | china | outbreak | aged |
| mortality | depression | disease outbreaks | viruses | clinical laboratory techniques |
| ace2 | social distancing | public health | mers | children |
| chloroquine | prevention | infection control | peptidyl-dipeptidase a | young adult |
| inflammation | cross-sectional studies | quarantine | spike glycoprotein, coronavirus | tomography, x-ray computed |
| cytokines | stress, psychological | epidemic | genome, viral | adolescent |
| acute respiratory distress syndrome | healthcare workers | travel | viral vaccines | risk factor |
| treatment | triage | global health | antibodies, viral | retrospective studies |
| cardiovascular diseases | masks | united states | respiratory infections | lung |
| critical illness | surgery | italy | vaccine | aged, 80 and over |
| diagnosis | safety | health personnel | clinical trials as topic | fever |
| hypertension | guidelines | intensive care units | phylogeny | infant |
| cytokine storm | knowledge | critical care | chiroptera | child, preschool |
| diabetes mellitus | cancer | time factors | transmission | cough |
| ards | stress | practice guidelines as topic | wuhan | real time polymerase chain reaction |
| lopinavir | ethics | world health organization | receptors, virus | comorbidity |
| angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | mental health services | health policy | immunization, passive | pregnancy |
| remdesivir | lockdown | contact tracing | medicine, chinese traditional | hospitalization |
| ritonavir | education | united kingdom | antibodies, monoclonal | severity of illness index |
| tocilizumab | disinfection | infectious disease transmission, patient-to-professional | alanine | prognosis |
| novel coronavirus pneumonia | patient care | risk assessment | adenosine monophosphate | age factors |
Cluster description in progress
To open the map directly in VOSviewer, please use these the latest MAP and NET files, available through the Open Science Foundation (OSF) repository:
https://osf.io/54gqw/
Keyword Co-Occurrence Network Graph for the Overall Research Field on COVID-19 up to July 6th, 2020.
Corpus downloaded from PubMed July 6th: 28256 publications. There were 1732 keywords that occurred in five or more manuscripts. These divided into five main clusters. To create the map, we used the LinLog method.
Table of the most central keywords in each cluster
(Centrality measure used is weighted degree centrality/total link strength)
| Cluster 1 | Cluster 2 | Cluster 3 | Cluster 4 | Cluster 5 |
| pneumonia | coronavirus infection | sars | female | mental health |
| epidemiology | viral pneumonia | animals | male | anxiety |
| outbreak | pandemic | antiviral agents | adult | depression |
| telemedicine | betacoronavirus | zoonosis | middle aged | fear |
| viruses | china | peptidyl-dipeptidase a | aged | stress |
| infection | disease outbreaks | hydroxychloroquine | clinical laboratory techniques | social support |
| infectious diseases | public health | spike glycoprotein, coronavirus | young adult | emotions |
| mortality | infection control | genome, viral | children | psychological distress |
| inflammation | quarantine | chloroquine | tomography, x-ray computed | medical staff |
| cardiovascular diseases | epidemic | viral vaccines | adolescent | anxiety disorders |
| treatment | travel | antibodies, viral | retrospective studies | health status |
| respiratory infections | global health | ace2 | lung | quality of life |
| transmission | italy | phylogeny | risk factor | sleep |
| prevention | united states | clinical trials as topic | fever | asian continental ancestry group |
| hypertension | personal protective equipment | chiroptera | aged, 80 and over | follow-up studies |
| diagnosis | health personnel | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus | infant | resilience, psychological |
| angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | time factors | mers | child, preschool | workforce |
| ards | practice guidelines as topic | cytokines | cough | dementia |
| diabetes mellitus | critical care | wuhan | comorbidity | suicide |
| novel coronavirus pneumonia | contact tracing | receptors, virus | pregnancy | ptsd |
Cluster description in progress
To open the map directly in VOSviewer, please use these the latest MAP and NET files, available through the Open Science Foundation (OSF) repository:
https://osf.io/54gqw/
Keyword Co-Occurrence Network Graph for the Overall Research Field on COVID-19 up to June 29th, 2020.
Corpus downloaded from PubMed June 29th: 26187 publications. There were 1789 keywords that occurred in five or more manuscripts. These divided into five main clusters. To create the map, we used the LinLog method.
Table of the most central keywords in each cluster
(Centrality measure used is weighted degree centrality/total link strength)
| Cluster 1 | Cluster 2 | Cluster 3 | Cluster 4 | Cluster 5 |
| pneumonia | coronavirus infection | sars | female | mental health |
| epidemiology | viral pneumonia | animals | male | anxiety |
| outbreak | pandemic | antiviral agents | adult | depression |
| telemedicine | betacoronavirus | zoonosis | middle aged | fear |
| viruses | china | peptidyl-dipeptidase a | aged | stress |
| infection | disease outbreaks | hydroxychloroquine | clinical laboratory techniques | social support |
| infectious diseases | public health | spike glycoprotein, coronavirus | young adult | emotions |
| mortality | infection control | genome, viral | children | psychological distress |
| inflammation | quarantine | chloroquine | tomography, x-ray computed | medical staff |
| cardiovascular diseases | epidemic | viral vaccines | adolescent | anxiety disorders |
| treatment | travel | antibodies, viral | retrospective studies | health status |
| respiratory infections | global health | ace2 | lung | quality of life |
| transmission | italy | phylogeny | risk factor | sleep |
| prevention | united states | clinical trials as topic | fever | asian continental ancestry group |
| hypertension | personal protective equipment | chiroptera | aged, 80 and over | follow-up studies |
| diagnosis | health personnel | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus | infant | resilience, psychological |
| angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | time factors | mers | child, preschool | workforce |
| ards | practice guidelines as topic | cytokines | cough | dementia |
| diabetes mellitus | critical care | wuhan | comorbidity | suicide |
| novel coronavirus pneumonia | contact tracing | receptors, virus | pregnancy | ptsd |
Cluster description in progress
To open the map directly in VOSviewer, please use these the latest MAP and NET files, available through the Open Science Foundation (OSF) repository:
https://osf.io/54gqw/
Keyword Co-Occurrence Network Graph for the Overall Research Field on COVID-19 up to June 22nd, 2020.
Corpus downloaded from PubMed June 22nd: 24167 publications. There were 1656 keywords that occurred in five or more manuscripts. These divided into five main clusters. To create the map, we used the LinLog method.
Table of the most central keywords in each cluster
(Centrality measure used is weighted degree centrality/total link strength)
| Cluster 1 | Cluster 2 | Cluster 3 | Cluster 4 | Cluster 5 |
| pneumonia | coronavirus infection | sars | female | mental health |
| epidemiology | viral pneumonia | animals | male | anxiety |
| outbreak | pandemic | antiviral agents | adult | depression |
| telemedicine | betacoronavirus | zoonosis | middle aged | fear |
| viruses | china | peptidyl-dipeptidase a | aged | stress |
| infection | disease outbreaks | hydroxychloroquine | clinical laboratory techniques | social support |
| infectious diseases | public health | spike glycoprotein, coronavirus | young adult | emotions |
| mortality | infection control | genome, viral | children | psychological distress |
| inflammation | quarantine | chloroquine | tomography, x-ray computed | medical staff |
| cardiovascular diseases | epidemic | viral vaccines | adolescent | anxiety disorders |
| treatment | travel | antibodies, viral | retrospective studies | health status |
| respiratory infections | global health | ace2 | lung | quality of life |
| transmission | italy | phylogeny | risk factor | sleep |
| prevention | united states | clinical trials as topic | fever | asian continental ancestry group |
| hypertension | personal protective equipment | chiroptera | aged, 80 and over | follow-up studies |
| diagnosis | health personnel | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus | infant | resilience, psychological |
| angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | time factors | mers | child, preschool | workforce |
| ards | practice guidelines as topic | cytokines | cough | dementia |
| diabetes mellitus | critical care | wuhan | comorbidity | suicide |
| novel coronavirus pneumonia | contact tracing | receptors, virus | pregnancy | ptsd |
Cluster description in progress
To open the map directly in VOSviewer, please use these the latest MAP and NET files, available through the Open Science Foundation (OSF) repository:
https://osf.io/54gqw/
Keyword Co-Occurrence Network Graph for the Overall Research Field on COVID-19 up to June 15th, 2020.
Corpus downloaded from PubMed June 15th: 22147 publications. There were 1535 keywords that occurred in five or more manuscripts. These divided into five main clusters. To create the map, we used the LinLog method.
Table of the most central keywords in each cluster
(Centrality measure used is weighted degree centrality/total link strength)
| Cluster 1 | Cluster 2 | Cluster 3 | Cluster 4 | Cluster 5 |
| pneumonia | coronavirus infection | sars | female | mental health |
| epidemiology | viral pneumonia | animals | male | anxiety |
| outbreak | pandemic | antiviral agents | adult | depression |
| telemedicine | betacoronavirus | zoonosis | middle aged | fear |
| viruses | china | peptidyl-dipeptidase a | aged | stress |
| infection | disease outbreaks | hydroxychloroquine | clinical laboratory techniques | social support |
| infectious diseases | public health | spike glycoprotein, coronavirus | young adult | emotions |
| mortality | infection control | genome, viral | children | psychological distress |
| inflammation | quarantine | chloroquine | tomography, x-ray computed | medical staff |
| cardiovascular diseases | epidemic | viral vaccines | adolescent | anxiety disorders |
| treatment | travel | antibodies, viral | retrospective studies | health status |
| respiratory infections | global health | ace2 | lung | quality of life |
| transmission | italy | phylogeny | risk factor | sleep |
| prevention | united states | clinical trials as topic | fever | asian continental ancestry group |
| hypertension | personal protective equipment | chiroptera | aged, 80 and over | follow-up studies |
| diagnosis | health personnel | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus | infant | resilience, psychological |
| angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | time factors | mers | child, preschool | workforce |
| ards | practice guidelines as topic | cytokines | cough | dementia |
| diabetes mellitus | critical care | wuhan | comorbidity | suicide |
| novel coronavirus pneumonia | contact tracing | receptors, virus | pregnancy | ptsd |
Cluster description in progress
To open the map directly in VOSviewer, please use these two files.
KeywordCoOccurrance5Inst1Resol1_20200615NETb
KeywordCoOccurrance5Inst1Resol1_20200615MAPb
The maps are created with the following “thesaurus” to clean the data:
Thesaurus20200601
Keyword Co-Occurrence Network Graph for the Overall Research Field on COVID-19 up to June 8th, 2020.
Corpus downloaded from PubMed June 8th: 19426 publications. There were 1814 keywords that occurred in four or more manuscripts. These divided into five main clusters. To create the map, we used the LinLog method.
Table of the most central keywords in each cluster
(Centrality measure used is weighted degree centrality/total link strength)
| Cluster 1 | Cluster 2 | Cluster 3 | Cluster 4 | Cluster 5 |
| pneumonia | coronavirus infection | sars | female | mental health |
| epidemiology | viral pneumonia | animals | male | surveys and questionnaires |
| outbreak | pandemic | antiviral agents | adult | anxiety |
| zoonosis | betacoronavirus | peptidyl-dipeptidase a | middle aged | depression |
| viruses | china | hydroxychloroquine | aged | cross-sectional studies |
| telemedicine | disease outbreaks | spike glycoprotein, coronavirus | clinical laboratory techniques | knowledge |
| infection | public health | genome, viral | children | fear |
| infectious diseases | infection control | chloroquine | young adult | stress |
| mortality | quarantine | viral vaccines | tomography, x-ray computed | social support |
| treatment | travel | antibodies, viral | adolescent | emotions |
| wuhan | epidemic | phylogeny | lung | medical staff |
| respiratory infections | global health | ace2 | retrospective studies | psychological distress |
| transmission | italy | clinical trials as topic | risk factor | nursing homes |
| prevention | united states | chiroptera | fever | anxiety disorders |
| diagnosis | personal protective equipment | inflammation | aged, 80 and over | health status |
| novel coronavirus pneumonia | health personnel | cardiovascular diseases | infant | quality of life |
| safety | time factors | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus | cough | asian continental ancestry group |
| telehealth | practice guidelines as topic | mers | child, preschool | sleep |
| influenza | critical care | cytokines | comorbidity | pharmacists |
| virology | contact tracing | receptors, virus | pregnancy | resilience, psychological |
Cluster description in progress
To open the map directly in VOSviewer, please use these two files.
KeywordCoOccurrance4Inst1Resol1_20200608NET
KeywordCoOccurrance4Inst1Resol1_20200608MAP
The maps are created with the following “thesaurus” to clean the data:
Thesaurus20200601
Keyword Co-Occurrence Network Graph for the Overall Research Field on COVID-19 up to June 1st, 2020.
Corpus downloaded from PubMed 1st June: 17346 publications. There were 1648 keywords that occurred in four or more manuscripts. These divided into five main clusters.
Table of the most central keywords in each cluster
(Centrality measure used is weighted degree centrality/total link strength)
| Cluster 1 | Cluster 2 | Cluster 3 | Cluster 4 | Cluster 5 |
| pneumonia | coronavirus infection | sars | female | mental health |
| epidemiology | viral pneumonia | animals | male | anxiety |
| outbreak | pandemic | antiviral agents | adult | depression |
| zoonosis | betacoronavirus | peptidyl-dipeptidase a | middle aged | fear |
| viruses | china | spike glycoprotein, coronavirus | clinical laboratory techniques | social support |
| telemedicine | disease outbreaks | hydroxychloroquine | aged | stress |
| infection | public health | genome, viral | young adult | emotions |
| infectious diseases | infection control | chloroquine | children | medical staff |
| mortality | travel | viral vaccines | tomography, x-ray computed | psychological distress |
| treatment | quarantine | antibodies, viral | adolescent | anxiety disorders |
| wuhan | epidemic | phylogeny | lung | health status |
| respiratory infections | global health | clinical trials as topic | retrospective studies | lockdown |
| transmission | italy | chiroptera | risk factor | sleep |
| prevention | united states | ace2 | fever | quality of life |
| diagnosis | personal protective equipment | cardiovascular diseases | infant | resilience, psychological |
| novel coronavirus pneumonia | health personnel | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus | aged, 80 and over | follow-up studies |
| ards | time factors | inflammation | cough | workforce |
| safety | practice guidelines as topic | mers | child, preschool | self care |
| acute respiratory distress syndrome | critical care | receptors, virus | comorbidity | suicide |
| influenza | contact tracing | cytokines | pregnancy | ptsd |
Cluster description in progress
To open the map directly in VOSviewer, please use these two files.
CoOccurrance4Inst1Resol1_20200601MAP
CoOccurrance4Inst1Resol1_20200601NET
The maps are created with the following “thesaurus” to clean the data:
Thesaurus20200601
Keyword Co-Occurrence Network Graph for the Overall Research Field on COVID-19 up to May 25th, 2020.
Corpus downloaded from PubMed 25th May: 15438 publications. There were 1515 keywords that occurred in four or more manuscripts. These divided into five main clusters.
Table of the most central keywords in each cluster
(Centrality measure used is weighted degree centrality)
| Cluster 1 | Cluster 2 | Cluster 3 | Cluster 4 | Cluster 5 |
| pneumonia | coronavirus infection | sars | female | anxiety |
| epidemiology | viral pneumonia | animals | male | depression |
| outbreak | pandemic | antiviral agents | adult | fear |
| zoonosis | betacoronavirus | peptidyl-dipeptidase a | middle aged | social support |
| viruses | china | spike glycoprotein, coronavirus | clinical laboratory techniques | medical staff |
| infection | disease outbreaks | hydroxychloroquine | aged | psychological distress |
| infectious diseases | public health | genome, viral | young adult | anxiety disorders |
| mortality | infection control | chloroquine | tomography, x-ray computed | stress |
| wuhan | travel | viral vaccines | children | sleep |
| treatment | quarantine | antibodies, viral | adolescent | quality of life |
| respiratory infections | epidemic | phylogeny | lung | resilience, psychological |
| transmission | global health | clinical trials as topic | retrospective studies | workforce |
| diagnosis | italy | chiroptera | risk factor | self care |
| prevention | united states | ace2 | fever | suicide |
| novel coronavirus pneumonia | personal protective equipment | cardiovascular diseases | infant | public health emergencies |
| ards | health personnel | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus | aged, 80 and over | perception |
| influenza | practice guidelines as topic | inflammation | cough | ptsd |
| virology | time factors | receptors, virus | child, preschool | crisis management |
| acute respiratory distress syndrome | telemedicine | mers | comorbidity | mindfulness |
| guidelines | mental health | lopinavir | pregnancy | adolescents |
Cluster description in progress
To open the map directly in VOSviewer, please use these two files.
KeywordCoOccurrance4Inst1Resol20200525MAP
KeywordCoOccurrance4Inst1Resol20200525NET
The maps are created with the following “thesaurus” to clean the data:
KeywordCoOccurrance_20200427_Thesaurus
Keyword Co-Occurrence Network Graph for the Overall Research Field on COVID-19 up to May 18th, 2020.
Corpus downloaded from PubMed 18th May: 13103 publications. There were 1861 keywords that occurred in three or more manuscripts. These divided into four main clusters.
This week’s rapport strengthens our observation from last couple of weeks that the clusters and topics seem to vary less, signifying that cluster may be more robust. This is true even if cluster 1 and 2 have changed places. Maybe this switch could imply that research and publication is switching more to how to managing the disease, than mainly be focused on the understanding of the phenomenon. In cluster 3 the term(s) (hydroxyl)chloroquine is rising on the list. Last week there was a fifth cluster that we called “clinical issues”, but the terms included in this cluster have returned to the third cluster where they originated.
Cluster 1 could be called “disease epidemiology” and includes terms like pneumonia, epidemiology, outbreak, infection, infectious diseases, novel coronavirus pneumonia, treatment and transmission. This cluster contains 2 major topics: a) the main term “the disease” which in addition to the above mentioned terms, but also b) “inpatient care” which contains terms like ARDS, critical illness and airway management. In this cluster some smaller topics are also present.
Cluster 2 could be called «global virus pandemic» and includes terms (beta)coronavirus infection, viral pneumonia, pandemic/epidemic, public health, infection control and quarantine. This cluster contains 3 main topics a) “preventive epidemiology”, which in addition to the terms public health and quarantine contains terms like disease outbreak, travel and contact tracing, b) “care management” which includes terms like infection control, practice guidelines and health personnel and c) “vulnerability” that contains terms like mental health, psychological stress and health service accessibility.
Cluster 3 could be called “pathophysiology and origin” and includes terms like SARS, animals, zoonosis, antiviral agents, viral genome, phylogeny and chiroptera. This cluster contains to major topics: a) “viral biology” which in addition to terms like SARS, animals, viral genome and phylogeny includes terms like spike glycoprotein and peptidyl-dipeptidase a and b) “drug treatment” which in addition to the term antiviral agent, (hydroxyl)chloroquine and chiroptera contains terms like traditional Chinese medicine and lopinavir.
Cluster 4 could be named “clinical epidemiology” and contains terms like mortality, age, gender, clinical laboratory techniques and fever. Also in this cluster, there is only this major topic. Smaller topics include “population care”, “serology” and “pregnancy”.
Table of the most central keywords in each cluster
(Centrality measure used is weighted degree centrality)
| Cluster 1 | Cluster 2 | Cluster 3 | Cluster 4 |
| pneumonia | coronavirus infection | sars | female |
| epidemiology | viral pneumonia | animals | male |
| outbreak | pandemic | antiviral agents | adult |
| viruses | betacoronavirus | peptidyl-dipeptidase a | middle aged |
| infection | china | zoonosis | clinical laboratory techniques |
| infectious diseases | disease outbreaks | spike glycoprotein, coronavirus | aged |
| mortality | public health | genome, viral | young adult |
| treatment | infection control | hydroxychloroquine | tomography, x-ray computed |
| critical illness | travel | viral vaccines | children |
| respiratory infections | quarantine | chloroquine | adolescent |
| transmission | epidemic | phylogeny | lung |
| diagnosis | global health | antibodies, viral | risk factor |
| prevention | united states | chiroptera | retrospective studies |
| novel coronavirus pneumonia | italy | clinical trials as topic | fever |
| ards | health personnel | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus | aged, 80 and over |
| virology | personal protective equipment | ace2 | infant |
| influenza | practice guidelines as topic | receptors, virus | cough |
| guidelines | time factors | wuhan | child, preschool |
| japan | telemedicine | cardiovascular diseases | comorbidity |
| therapy | mental health | inflammation | real-time polymerase chain reaction |
| acute respiratory distress syndrome | contact tracing | mers | severity of illness index |
| telehealth | world health organization | angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | pregnancy |
| immunosuppression | united kingdom | immunization, passive | surveys and questionnaires |
| lymphopenia | infectious disease transmission, patient-to-professional | lopinavir | hospitalization |
| respiratory tract infections | critical care | hypertension | prognosis |
Cluster description in progress
To open the map directly in VOSviewer, please use these two files.
KeywordCoOccurrance3Inst1Resol20200518MAP
KeywordCoOccurrance3Inst1Resol20200518NET
The maps are created with the following “thesaurus” to clean the data:
KeywordCoOccurrance_20200427_Thesaurus
Keyword Co-Occurrence Network Graph for the Overall Research Field on COVID-19 up to May 11th, 2020.
Corpus downloaded from PubMed 11th May: 11005 publications. There were 1634 keywords that occurred in three or more manuscripts. These divided into four main clusters.
Table of the most central keywords in each cluster
(Centrality measure used is weighted degree centrality)
| Cluster 1 | Cluster 2 | Cluster 3 | Cluster 4 | Cluster 5 | Cluster 6 |
| china | infection | sars | coronavirus infection | female | mental health |
| disease outbreaks | cardiovascular diseases | animals | viral pneumonia | male | surveys and questionnaires |
| public health | treatment | antiviral agents | betacoronavirus | adult | anxiety |
| travel | angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | peptidyl-dipeptidase a | pandemic | middle aged | health knowledge, attitudes, practice |
| epidemic | hypertension | spike glycoprotein, coronavirus | infection control | clinical laboratory techniques | stress, psychological |
| quarantine | diabetes mellitus | genome, viral | italy | aged | cross-sectional studies |
| global health | diagnosis | viral vaccines | practice guidelines as topic | tomography, x-ray computed | depression |
| epidemiology | ards | phylogeny | health personnel | young adult | mental health services |
| outbreak | angiotensin receptor antagonists | chiroptera | personal protective equipment | children | psychiatry |
| united states | renin-angiotensin system | rna, viral | infectious disease transmission, patient-to-professional | adolescent | knowledge |
| zoonosis | influenza | antibodies, viral | united kingdom | lung | mental disorders |
| time factors | therapy | hydroxychloroquine | critical care | risk factor | fear |
| viruses | acute respiratory distress syndrome | chloroquine | delivery of health care | retrospective studies | social support |
| world health organization | guidelines | clinical trials as topic | intensive care units | pneumonia | universities |
| contact tracing | immunosuppression | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus | respiration, artificial | fever | emotions |
| telemedicine | safety | receptors, virus | influenza, human | aged, 80 and over | social isolation |
| infectious diseases | diabetes complications | ace2 | health resources | cough | medical staff |
| risk assessment | airway management | mers | critical illness | infant | anxiety disorders |
| civil defense | heart failure | immunization, passive | decision making | child, preschool | health status |
| mortality | covid | inflammation | cross infection | comorbidity | students, medical |
| population surveillance | respiratory failure | cytokines | brazil | real-time polymerase chain reaction | psychological distress |
| health policy | surgery | lopinavir | neoplasms | severity of illness index | corona |
| patient isolation | corona virus | antibodies, monoclonal | india | pregnancy | schools |
| communicable disease control | myocardium | ritonavir | masks | radiography, thoracic | students |
| wuhan | tracheostomy | alanine | state medicine | prognosis | asian continental ancestry group |
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KeywordCoOccurrance_20200511_NET
KeywordCoOccurrance_20200511_MAP
The maps are created with the following “thesaurus” to clean the data:
KeywordCoOccurrance_20200427_Thesaurus
Keyword Co-Occurrence Network Graph for the Overall Research Field on COVID-19 up to May 4th, 2020.
Corpus downloaded from PubMed 4th May: 8791 publications. There were 1381 keywords that occurred in three or more manuscripts. These divided into five main clusters.
Cluster descriptions
In progress..
Table of the most central keywords in each cluster
(Centrality measure used is weighted degree centrality)
| Cluster 1 | Cluster 2 | Cluster 3 | Cluster 4 | Cluster 5 |
| coronavirus infection | epidemiology | sars | female | mental health |
| viral pneumonia | outbreak | animals | male | surveys and questionnaires |
| betacoronavirus | viruses | antiviral agents | adult | health knowledge, attitudes, practice |
| pandemic | infectious diseases | peptidyl-dipeptidase a | middle aged | cross-sectional studies |
| china | infection | zoonosis | clinical laboratory techniques | anxiety |
| disease outbreaks | respiration, artificial | spike glycoprotein, coronavirus | aged | stress, psychological |
| public health | critical illness | genome, viral | young adult | depression |
| infection control | treatment | viral vaccines | tomography, x-ray computed | knowledge |
| travel | respiratory infections | phylogeny | children | fear |
| epidemic | diagnosis | chiroptera | adolescent | emotions |
| global health | transmission | clinical trials as topic | risk factor | social support |
| quarantine | prevention | chloroquine | lung | dentists |
| united states | respiratory insufficiency | hydroxychloroquine | fever | medical staff |
| italy | influenza | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus | pneumonia | anxiety disorders |
| time factors | taiwan | antibodies, viral | retrospective studies | social isolation |
| health personnel | guidelines | wuhan | cough | health status |
| world health organization | respiratory tract infections | receptors, virus | aged, 80 and over | asian continental ancestry group |
| practice guidelines as topic | immunosuppression | influenza, human | infant | resilience, psychological |
| contact tracing | extracorporeal membrane oxygenation | ace2 | child, preschool | emerging infectious disease |
| telemedicine | preparedness | cardiovascular diseases | severity of illness index | sleep |
| personal protective equipment | hong kong | mers | comorbidity | sleep initiation and maintenance disorders |
| civil defense | seasons | immunization, passive | real-time polymerase chain reaction | stress |
| infectious disease transmission, patient-to-professional | airway management | inflammation | radiography, thoracic | family |
| risk assessment | respiratory therapy | lopinavir | pregnancy | practice |
| critical care | screening | angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | mortality | quality of life |
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KeywordCoOccurrance_20200505_MAP
KeywordCoOccurrance_20200505_NET
The maps are created with the following “thesaurus” to clean the data:
KeywordCoOccurrance_20200427_Thesaurus
Keyword Co-Occurrence Network Graph for the Overall Research Field on COVID-19 up to April 27th, 2020.
Corpus downloaded from PubMed 27th April: 6958 publications. There were 1082 keywords that occurred in three or more manuscripts. These divided into four main clusters.
Cluster descriptions
This week’s rapport confirms what we suspected last week, that the clusters and topics seem to vary less. Clusters 1, 3 and 4 were quite stable, while cluster 2 saw a bit of change, mostly in the addition of a new topic (“inpatient care”). New from this week is that we in cluster 4 mention 3 upcoming topics with increasing number of publications. Finally, the last cluster (cluster 5) seemed to take a bit different course, mostly because most of the terms here moved to be included in cluster 1 in a new topic. Cluster 5 now is more about the disease.
Cluster 1 could be called «global virus pandemic» and includes terms like (beta)coronavirus infection, viral pneumonia, disease outbreak and public health. This cluster contains 3 major topics: a) “preventive epidemiology”, which in addition to the terms like disease outbreak and public health includes terms like travel, epidemic, global heath and civil defence, b) “care management” which includes terms like infection control, practice guidelines and health personnel and c) “vulnerability” that contains terms like mental health, psychological stress and health service accessibility.
Cluster 2 could be called “disease epidemiology” and includes terms like pneumonia, epidemiology, outbreak, infection, infectious diseases, novel coronavirus pneumonia, treatment and transmission. This cluster contains 2 major topics: a) the main term “the disease” which in addition to the above mentioned terms, but also b) “inpatient care” which contains terms like ARDS, critical illness and airway management. In this cluster some smaller topics are also present.
Cluster 3 could be called “pathophysiology and origin” and includes terms like SARS, animals, zoonosis, antiviral agents, viral genome, phylogeny and chiroptera. This cluster contains to major topics: a) “viral biology” which in addition to terms like SARS, animals, viral genome and phylogeny includes terms like spike glycoprotein and peptidyl-dipeptidase a and b) “drug treatment” which in addition to the term antiviral agent and chiroptera contains terms like traditional Chinese medicine, chloroquine and lopinavir.
Cluster 4 could be named “clinical epidemiology” and contains terms like mortality, age, gender, clinical laboratory techniques and fever. Also in this cluster, there is only this major topic. Smaller topics include “population care”, “serology” and “pregnancy”.
Cluster 5 could be named “clinical issues” and contains terms like cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and diabetes mellitus. This is the smallest cluster with only one topic.
Table of the most central keywords in each cluster
(Centrality measure used is weighted degree centrality)
| Cluster 1 | Cluster 2 | Cluster 3 | Cluster 4 | Cluster 5 |
| coronavirus infection | pneumonia | sars | male | cardiovascular diseases |
| viral pneumonia | epidemiology | animals | female | hypertension |
| betacoronavirus | outbreak | antiviral agents | adult | angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors |
| pandemic | viruses | zoonosis | middle aged | diabetes mellitus |
| china | infection | peptidyl-dipeptidase a | clinical laboratory techniques | angiotensin receptor antagonists |
| disease outbreaks | infectious diseases | spike glycoprotein, coronavirus | aged | renin-angiotensin system |
| public health | respiratory infections | genome, viral | young adult | diabetes complications |
| travel | critical illness | phylogeny | tomography, x-ray computed | heart failure |
| infection control | treatment | chiroptera | children | myocardium |
| epidemic | novel coronavirus pneumonia | viral vaccines | adolescent | antihypertensive agents |
| global health | diagnosis | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus | fever | diabetes mellitus, type 2 |
| quarantine | transmission | antibodies, viral | risk factor | heart diseases |
| united states | prevention | wuhan | lung | angiotensin ii |
| italy | ards | receptors, virus | retrospective studies | myocarditis |
| practice guidelines as topic | influenza | clinical trials as topic | cough | cardiovascular system |
VOSViewer files:
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KeywordCoOccurrance_20200427_MAP
KeywordCoOccurrance_20200427_NET
The maps are created with the following “thesaurus” to clean the data:
KeywordCoOccurrance_20200427_Thesaurus
Keyword Co-Occurrence Network Graph for the Overall Research Field on COVID-19 up to April 20th, 2020.
Corpus downloaded from PubMed 20th April: 5228 publications. There were 853 keywords that occurred in three or more manuscripts. These divided into four main clusters.
Cluster descriptions
Cluster 1 could be called «A global virus pandemic» and includes terms like (beta)coronavirus infection, viral pneumonia, disease outbreak and public health. This cluster contains 2 major topics: a) “preventive epidemiology”, which in addition to the terms like disease outbreak and public health includes terms like travel, global heath and civil defence and b) “care management” which includes terms like infection control, practice guidelines and health personnel
Cluster 2 could be called “disease epidemiology” and includes terms like epidemiology, outbreak, infection, infectious diseases, novel coronavirus pneumonia, treatment and transmission. This is a small cluster with only this major topic
Cluster 3 could be called “pathophysiology and origin” and includes terms like SARS, animals, zoonosis, antiviral agents, viral genome, phylogeny and chiroptera. This cluster contains to major topics: a) “viral biology” which in addition to terms like SARS, animals, viral genome, phylogeny and chiroptera includes terms like spike glycoprotein and peptidyl-dipeptidase a and b) “drug treatment” which in addition to the term antiviral agent contains terms like traditional Chinese medicine, chloroquine and lopinavir
Cluster 4 could be named “clinical epidemiology” and contains terms like mortality, age, gender, clinical laboratory techniques and fever. Also in this cluster, there is only this major topic.
Cluster 5 could be named “related topics” and contains terms like mental health and anxiety and depression one side , but also terms like surveys and questionnaires, cross-sectional studies and health knowledge; attitudes and practice on the other. This is the smallest cluster with only one topic
Table of ten most central keywords in each cluster
(Centrality measure used is weighted degree centrality)
| Cluster 1 (Red) | Cluster 2 (Green) | Cluster 3 (Blue) | Cluster 4 (Yellow) | Cluster 5 (Purple) |
| coronavirus infection | pneumonia | sars | female | mental health |
| viral pneumonia | epidemiology | animals | male | health knowledge, attitudes, practice |
| betacoronavirus | outbreak | zoonosis | adult | anxiety |
| pandemic | infection | antiviral agents | middle aged | depression |
| china | infectious diseases | genome, viral | aged | fear |
| disease outbreaks | novel coronavirus pneumonia | phylogeny | clinical laboratory techniques | social support |
| public health | treatment | chiroptera | young adult | anxiety disorders |
| travel | transmission | spike glycoprotein, coronavirus | children | emotions |
| epidemic | prevention | peptidyl-dipeptidase a | adolescent | health status |
| global health | inflammation | viral vaccines | tomography, x-ray computed | resilience, psychological |
VOSViewer files:
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CoOccurrance3Inst1Resol20thApril20NET
CoOccurrance3Inst1Resol20thApril20MAP
The maps are created with the following “thesaurus” to clean the data: Thesaurus13thApril
Keyword Co-Occurrence Network Graph for the Overall Research Field on COVID-19 up to April 13th, 2020.
Corpus downloaded from PubMed 13th April: 3683 publications. There were 607 keywords that occurred in three or more manuscripts. These divided into four main clusters.
Cluster descriptions
Cluster descriptions
Cluster 1 (red) relates to “Health and pandemic management”, and include topics like the epidemic, the impact on global health, the public health, infection control and health personnel. Within this cluster, we found the topic of “Global health politics”, which in addition to terms on the epidemic, the impact on global health and public health included terms like population surveillance, civil defense and risk assessment. Further, within this cluster, we found the topic of “Pandemic management”, which in addition to the terms infection control and health personnel included terms like practice guidelines and patient isolation.
Cluster 2 (green) related to “The disease and its treatment”, including topics like its pneumonia and diagnosis, but also topics like antiviral drugs and artificial respiration. Within this cluster, we found the topic of “Clinical picture”, which in addition to terms on pneumonia and diagnosis, included terms like corona virus and infectious disease. Further, within this cluster, we find the topic of “Drug treatment”, which in addition to the terms antiviral drugs and artificial respiration, includes terms like lopinavir, alanine, chloroquine and clinical trials.
Cluster 3 (blue) related to the “The virus and its epidemiology”, including terms like SARS, it being a zoonosis, its genome and the outbreak in Wuhan. Two major topics were identified within this cluster: “Clinical epidemiology”, which in addition to it being a zoonosis and broke out in Wuhan, includes terms like transmission and basic reproduction rate. The other major topic identified is on the “Virus biology”, which in addition to the terms SARS and genome, included terms like phylogeny, glycoproteins and antibodies.
Cluster 4 (yellow) related to “Clinical epidemiology”, with terms relating to age, gender, and basic clinical signs and procedures (like x-ray, CT, fever).
Table of ten most central keywords in each cluster
(Centrality measure used is weighted degree centrality)
| Cluster 1 (Red) | Cluster 2 (Green) | Cluster 3 (Blue) | Cluster 4 (Yellow) |
| coronavirus infection | pneumonia | sars | male |
| viral pneumonia | epidemiology | animals | female |
| betacoronavirus | zoonosis | genome, viral | adult |
| pandemic | outbreak | antiviral agents | middle aged |
| china | wuhan | phylogeny | aged |
| disease outbreaks | viruses | chiroptera | young adult |
| travel | infection | spike glycoprotein, coronavirus | adolescent |
| public health | novel coronavirus pneumonia | peptidyl-dipeptidase a | children |
| infection control | infectious diseases | viral vaccines | tomography, x-ray computed |
| global health | transmission | antibodies, viral | fever |
VOSViewer files:
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CoOccurrance3Inst1Resol13thApril20MAP
CoOccurrance3Inst1Resol13thApril20NET
The maps are created with the following “thesaurus” to clean the data: Thesaurus13thApril
Keyword Co-Occurrence Network Graph for the Overall Research Field on COVID-19 up to April 6th, 2020.
Keyword Co-Occurrence Network Graph for the Overall Research Field on COVID-19 up to April 6th, 2020.
Corpus downloaded from PubMed 6th April: 2684 publications. There were 453 keywords that occurred in three or more manuscripts. These divided into four main clusters.
Cluster descriptions
Cluster descriptions
Cluster 1 (red) relates to “Health and pandemic management”, and include topics like the epidemic, the impact on global health, the public health, infection control and health personnel. Within this cluster, we found the topic of “Global health politics”, which in addition to terms on the epidemic, the impact on global health and public health included terms like population surveillance, civil defense and risk assessment. Further, within this cluster, we found the topic of “Pandemic management”, which in addition to the terms infection control and health personnel included terms like practice guidelines and patient isolation.
Cluster 2 (green) related to “The disease and its treatment”, including topics like its pneumonia and diagnosis, but also topics like antiviral drugs and artificial respiration. Within this cluster, we found the topic of “Clinical picture”, which in addition to terms on pneumonia and diagnosis, included terms like corona virus and infectious disease. Further, within this cluster, we find the topic of “Drug treatment”, which in addition to the terms antiviral drugs and artificial respiration, includes terms like lopinavir, alanine, chloroquine and clinical trials.
Cluster 3 (blue) related to the “The virus and its epidemiology”, including terms like SARS, it being a zoonosis, its genome and the outbreak in Wuhan. Two major topics were identified within this cluster: “Clinical epidemiology”, which in addition to it being a zoonosis and broke out in Wuhan, includes terms like transmission and basic reproduction rate. The other major topic identified is on the “Virus biology”, which in addition to the terms SARS and genome, included terms like phylogeny, glycoproteins and antibodies.
Cluster 4 (yellow) related to “Clinical epidemiology”, with terms relating to age, gender, and basic clinical signs and procedures (like x-ray, CT, fever).
Table of ten most central keywords in each cluster
(Centrality measure used is weighted degree centrality)
| Cluster 1 (Red) |
Cluster 2 (Green) |
Cluster 3 (Blue) |
Cluster 4 (Yellow) |
| coronavirus infection | pneumonia | sars | female |
| viral pneumonia | antiviral agents | animals | male |
| betacoronavirus | viral vaccines | epidemiology | adult |
| china | pregnancy | genome, viral | middle aged |
| pandemic | influenza, human | outbreak | aged |
| disease outbreaks | respiration, artificial | zoonosis | young adult |
| travel | lopinavir | phylogeny | adolescent |
| public health | ritonavir | chiroptera | tomography, x-ray computed |
| epidemic | alanine | wuhan | children |
| infection control | chloroquine | spike glycoprotein, coronavirus | fever |
VOSViewer files:
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CoOccurrance3Inst1Resol_6April20MAP
CoOccurrance3Inst1Resol_6April20NET
The maps are created with the following “thesaurus” to clean the data: Thesaurus6April
Keyword Co-Occurrence Network Graph for the Overall Research Field on COVID-19 up to March 30th, 2020.
Corpus downloaded from PubMed 30th March: 1788 publications. There were 308 keywords that occurred in three or more manuscripts. These divided into four clusters.
Cluster descriptions
Cluster 1 (red) relates to “Health and pandemic management”, and include topics like the pandemic, the impact on global health, the disease outbreak, infection control and travel. Within this cluster, we found the topic of “Global health politics”, which in addition to terms on the pandemic and the impact on global health included terms on countries, public health, disease transmission and health planning. Further, within this cluster, we found the topic of “Pandemic politics”, which in addition to the terms disease outbreak and infection control included terms like mass screening and health personnel.
Cluster 2 (green) related to “The disease and its pathophysiology” of COVID-19, including topics like its genome and its relationship with SARS, but also topics like epidemiology and its outbreak and that it is a zoonosis. Within this cluster, we found the topic of “Viral biology”, which in addition to terms on its genome and SARS, included terms like phylogeny and disease reservoirs. Further, within this cluster, we find the topic of “Viral spread”, which in addition to the term epidemiology, includes terms like quarantine, importation and incubation period. Lastly, this cluster contained the topic “Basic clinical medicine”, which in addition to the terms outbreak and zoonosis, included terms like transmission and mortality.
Cluster 3 (blue) related to the “Clinical epidemiology of the disease”, including topics like age (aged, children, adolescent) and gender (male and female), risk factor, population surveillance and pregnancy. Only one major topic was identified within this cluster: “Clinical characteristics”. In addition to the terms on age and gender, this topic included terms like prognosis, myalgia, biomarkers and laboratory medicine.
Cluster 4 (yellow) related to “Treatment of the disease”, with terms like antiviral agents, diagnosis, ritonavir and drug combinations.
Table of ten most central keywords in each cluster
(Centrality measure used is weighted degree centrality)
Cluster 1 (Red) |
Cluster 2 (Green) |
Cluster 3 (lBlue) |
Cluster 4 (Yellow) |
| disease outbreaks | sars | female | pneumonia |
| travel | animals | male | antiviral agents |
| pandemic | epidemiology | adult | lopinavir |
| public health | genome, viral | middle aged | respiration, artificial |
| epidemic | phylogeny | aged | ritonavir |
| global health | outbreak | young adult | diagnosis, differential |
| infection control | zoonosis | children | influenza, human |
| population surveillance | wuhan | tomography, x-ray computed | novel coronavirus pneumonia |
| united states | chiroptera | fever | alanine |
| risk assessment | communicable diseases, emerging | adolescent | diagnosis |
VOSViewer files:
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CoOccurrance3Inst1Resol30March20MAP
CoOccurrance3Inst1Resol30March20NET
The maps are created with the following “thesaurus” to clean the data: Thesaurus 23 March
Keyword Co-Occurrence Network Graph for the Overall Research Field on COVID-19 up to March 23rd, 2020.
Corpus downloaded from PubMed 23rd March: 1323 publications. There were 225 keywords that occurred in three or more manuscripts. These divided into four clusters.
Table of ten most central keywords in each cluster
(Centrality measure used is weighted degree centrality)
Health and pandemic management
|
The disease and its pathophysiology
|
Clinical epidemiology of the disease
|
Treatment of the disease
|
| coronavirus infection | pneumonia | female | sars |
| viral pneumonia | outbreak | adult | animals |
| betacoronavirus | epidemiology | male | genome, viral |
| china | antiviral agents | middle aged | phylogeny |
| disease outbreaks | viruses | aged | zoonosis |
| travel | republic of korea | young adult | wuhan |
| pandemic | lopinavir | fever | chiroptera |
| global health | transmission | tomography, x-ray computed | communicable diseases, emerging |
| infection control | ritonavir | children | disease reservoirs |
| public health | mortality | lung | peptidyl-dipeptidase a |
VOSViewer files:
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CoOccurrance3Inst1Resol23March20MAP
CoOccurrance3Inst1Resol23March20NET
The maps are created with the following “thesaurus” to clean the data: Thesaurus 23 March
Keyword Co-Occurrence Network Graph for the Overall Research Field on COVID-19 up to March 16th, 2020.
Corpus downloaded from PubMed 16th March: 992 publications)
The table below provides an overview of the most central keywords from each of the clusters in the keyword co-occurrence network graph above.
Table of most central keywords in each cluster from the network graph:
Cluster Red |
Cluster GREEN |
Cluster BLUE |
Cluster YELLOW |
Cluster PURPLE |
Cluster TEAL |
Clinical analysis and treatment |
Categorization of epidemic |
Epidemiology and Global spread |
Prognosis for population groups |
Origin and definition |
Social prevention measures |
| pneumonia | sars | epidemiology | adult | china | coronavirus infection |
| infection | mers | australia | female | outbreak | betacoronavirus |
| novel coronavirus pneumonia | epidemic | case definition | middle aged | viruses | disease outbreaks |
| public health | pregnancy | emerging infectious diseases | male | wuhan | united states |
| diagnosis | infant | acute respiratory disease | viral pneumonia | zoonosis | centers for disease control and prevention, u.s. |
| treatment | bat | importation | aged | respiratory infections | contact tracing |
| infectious diseases | pandemic | travel | children | transmission | travel-related illness |
| clinical characteristics | ace2 | isolation | radiography, thoracic | respiratory disease | risk assessment |
| influenza | wuhan pneumonia | quarantine | young adult | cluster | practice guidelines as topic |
| clinical features | exposure | migration | prognosis | mathematical model | infection control |